In recent years, there is a growing interest in using the design-build delivery system and (EPC) contracts in the country's construction industry. In this delivery system, performing the design and execution phase by a single organization helps the integration of different phases of the project. In design-build delivery system, due to the overlap of different phases of the project, this integration is more important and the need for proper management becomes more urgent. The experience of the project parties shows that this delivery system in Iran has not fully achieved its desired interests and not managed in the integration different phases, due to lack of understanding of this field and its issues. This research tries to understand the factors affecting the integration due to the high importance of design and execution phases in (EPC) projects in the country's construction industry, helping to better understand this field and to suggest solutions. This research is a quantitative-qualitative research and in terms of data collection method, is a descriptive-analytical research. For this purpose, after reviewing the background, In the first stage, statistical analysis methods were used to analyze the raw data obtained from the questionnaires, and thus screening the identified factors was determined. In the next step, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and Expert choice software was used to prioritize the factors. Analysis of the data showed that the 10 factors include (1) Integrated management of project challenges and risks, (2) integrated management of stakeholder interests, (3) presentation of a checklist of potential project risks, (4) control of integration of possible project changes, (5) quality and quantity control and monitoring Progress, (6) Integration of processes in the areas of knowledge of cost, time and risk management, (7) Continuous and advanced reporting to achieve performance goals, (8) Application of knowledge integration In the exchange of information between all project factors, (9) contract management between different project elements and (10) project cost estimation, were identified as the most important factors in the integration of design and execution of (EPC) projects in the construction industry and were prioritized.

Rekind (Industrial engineering) engaged in construction on (EPC) (Engineering, Procurement, construction) projects are activities ranging from civil and structural work, tank fabrication, piping work, electricity and instrument etc. From the work of each of these disciplines there are activities that require welding, sand blasting, painting and liquids to clean the outer rust (pickling), Majun that has been used, chemical liquids for internal cleaning of installed pipes, used lubricants. In this (EPC), work causes waste, which cannot be allowed. In addition, if the company does not realize that the waste produced is simply thrown into the liquefaction system without any processing process. It will have a negative impact on the environment and human life. Given the magnitude of the risks and their impacts, efforts to manage B3 waste on construction activities are directly under the responsibility of the construction manager of PT Rekind and are coordinated by the HSE (Health, Safety, Environment). For this reason, we should know how to manage B3 waste in (EPC) activities at PT. Rekind through incinerator technology. So the study method carried out is an engineering research method or the method of management activities through the Type Rotary Kiln incinerator technology, where the management of B3 waste materials from the activity begins to mark the place where the B3 storage produces for a maximum of 90 days and transportation to treatment from the storage of B3 Waste. Rotary Kiln type incinerator technology is a two-stroke combustion process with various types of B3 waste materials, the first Combustion Chamber is for waste and the second Combustion Chamber is for the remnants of rudimentary gases burning in the Primary Chamber and lower temperatures are often needed to prevent the slagging of certain waste materials. The ash produced during the combustion process is discharged through the bottom of the second combustion chamber. So that the purpose of this study is to produce new material in the form of ash, which can be reused into fertilizer and others.

The (EPC) is,by definition,comprised of three major parts:engineering,procurement,and construction.In fact,the process of handling,timely delivery,is the anticipated cost.One of the main features of (EPC) project implementation has been to reduce overall project execution time and increase project profits,since today most of the capital of any country,especially developing countries,is devoted to its development and infrastructure projects and one of the factors of economic growth and development of any society is the success of its development projects.Success of a project is one of the biggest and most important goals and concerns of executives and everyone involved in a project,which is a unifying effort of all project team members.Investigating the success or failure factors of a project in construction projects is more sensitive due to the dynamic and changing nature of the construction industry at different stages of project implementation.Therefore,it is important to consider the advantages and disadvantages of civil engineering contracts and their compliance with project conditions before selecting them.The direct impact of the type of contract on the success or failure of any project is clear which can be used by studying and researching well before the contract.

Nuclear power plants are among infrastructure projects and provide public services that play a vital role for communities in the path of sustainable development. Since building and upgrading nuclear power plants has many technical and financial challenges, it is very important to select and use suitable contract models that can solve the challenges in the construction and operation stages of the mentioned power plants. Uzbekistan and the United Kingdom are looking to build, develop, and upgrade nuclear power plants in their territories, respectively, focusing on the engineering, procurement, construction ((EPC)), and regulated asset base model (RAB) models. Now the question is, which of the existing contract mechanisms in the field of construction and upgrading of nuclear power plants has a better performance? As a hypothesis, the technical complexities and the high cost of building and upgrading nuclear infrastructure projects require the use of appropriate contractual mechanisms such as the regulated asset base (RAB) model that could encourage the capable private sector as well as enable the advancement of several public service projects by the public sector in tandem. However, the paper aims to evaluate the aforementioned contractual models by relying on the descriptive-analytical study method, so as to draw the framework of a suitable contractual mechanism in the field of the aforementioned projects.

Introduction and Objectives: One of the prominent contract types for project execution is the Engineering, Procurement, and construction ((EPC)) method, which serves as a mechanism for transferring project activities and associated risks to contractors. Given the significance of risk assessment in oil and gas projects, particularly for contractors, the primary objective of this research is to identify and rank the risks surrounding (EPC) projects in Karoon Oil and Gas Exploitation Company. Additionally, this study seeks to propose effective strategies for managing these risks.  Methods: The research methodology consists of several stages. Initially, relevant risks in (EPC) projects are identified, extracted, and categorized through a literature review and expert opinions. At this stage, the research team compiled a list of potential risks by reviewing scientific sources and conducting interviews with experts in the oil and gas industry. Subsequently, a fuzzy Delphi method, based on the insights of five experts and 15 criteria, was applied to select the key risks. The experts' opinions were collected and analyzed using fuzzy numbers to reach a relative consensus on the primary risks. In the next stage, the selected risks were assessed and ranked using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) based on their probability of occurrence and severity of impact. To enhance the accuracy of expert evaluations and minimize subjective biases, a fuzzy system was employed, utilizing fuzzy numbers instead of precise values to represent expert opinions. Findings: The results of this study reveal that the key risks in the company's (EPC) projects, ranked in order of priority, include inflation rate, employer pressure to halt execution, rising equipment costs, delays in financial payments, the presence of incompatible factors and the use of substandard materials, deficiencies in initial design, and ineffective engineering management. These findings help contractors recognize and plan for the management of major risks. Additionally, a scenario-based cognitive map has been developed to address the identified risks, allowing contractors to devise appropriate strategies for risk mitigation. By identifying and prioritizing these risks, contractors can formulate scenario-based strategies to manage them effectively, thereby reducing the likelihood of adverse consequences in Karoon Oil and Gas Exploitation Company. This cognitive map serves as a roadmap for contractors in managing risks in (EPC) projects. For instance, recommended strategies include meticulous planning, contract management, financial management, procurement management, and stakeholder management. The primary goal of these strategies is to prevent potential challenges in project execution.  Conclusion: This study underscores the critical importance of risk assessment in (EPC) projects. Contractors must identify major risks and implement appropriate management strategies to mitigate potential challenges. Analytical tools such as the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and scenario-based cognitive maps significantly aid contractors in this regard and play a crucial role in the successful execution of (EPC) projects.

Purpose: The future of the construction industry is increasingly influenced by new technologies. In order to adopt appropriate strategies in facing new technologies, it is necessary to know the possible futures of the construction industry. This research was done with the aim of explaining the technological uncertainties and compiling the future scenarios of the construction industry.  Method: The research method is applied and was carried out with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. First, the library study was used to determine the technological drivers, then the Structural Analysis was used to explain the technological uncertainties, and finally, the Schwartz method was used to compile the scenarios. The statistical population is experts of construction industry. Findings: Nine technological uncertainties affecting the future of the construction industry have been identified and for each of them, three states of decline, stagnation and progress have been considered. Data analysis by Scenario Wizard shows eight probable scenarios. The portfolio of scenarios including four groups of progress scenarios, towards progress, towards stagnation, and towards wane has been compiled. Conclusion: In the progress scenario, the 89% of uncertainties have developed. In  towards progress, 56% of the factors are in the development status, which indicates the development of the technological factor application. In the stagnation scenario, no progress has been made in the application of uncertainties and they are in a static state. In towards wane, uncertainties have been placed in a situation of reduced use.

construction projects in Guilan Water and sewerage has high levels of risk due to their complex and dynamic environment. There are no suitable risk allocation models for Guilan construction industry based on article 23 processing budget and planning law 1352 clause about ((EPC)). There is the cost of project and plan for design risk allocation model. This work endeavors to propose and apply a Risk Allocation Model (RAM), based on a simple mechanism for allocating critical risks to the responsible party in the project. In addition, the RAM aims to compare among projects, which is more risky. The construction of RAM is based on Delphi method for 41 risk factors, over 10 groups, are identified and used in the model development. All factors are analyzed and weighted by deploying Weighted Risk Factor (WRF) which combines the effect of a risk factor probability and its effect on time and cost. The model results identified the most important risk factors to be allocated to owner, contractor or shared between them, as well as the suitable risk action for each factor. The model is applied on a real case study through two construction projects in Guilan to test the validation. A complete comparison between the two projects is presented and a decision is introduced for contractor. The results emphasized that the model is easy to understand and use by the parties involved in construction projects. Further, it is flexibility in the event of variables.

"Engineering, Procurement, and construction" ((EPC)) is a particular form of contracting arrangement used in some industries where the (EPC) Contractor is made responsible for all the activities from design, procurement, construction, to commissioning and handover of the project to the End-User or Owner. In this method of execution, the employer transfers the risk of the operation to the contractor by transferring all the project activities, including the design, procurement and provision of equipment. As a result, identifying and prioritizing risks in these projects is very important for contractors in order to properly manage these risks. One of the most widely used techniques in the risk priority is FMEA. In this paper, we identify and prioritize the risks of an (EPC) project by combining this technique with the Analytical Network Process (ANP), which is one of the most commonly, used methods in multi criteria decision-making. The FMEA-ANP method, taking into account the cross-risk relationships, evaluates the priority of risk as compared to the FMEA method in a different way, which has a better and higher sensitivity than FMEA scores. . .